Key Points to NOTE for
the Ethical Argument Essay
Argue…Do NOT Ask Questions
Argument essays
should not use questions due to the nature of the writing.
You
are arguing a point that you want the audience to
believe. You do not want them answering questions for
themselves. Each question asked in the paper slows down the
logical progression of your argument and the defense of that argument
which might result in not convincing the audience to believe your CLAIM.
Always
remember the purpose of an argument essay is to persuade the
audience to agree to your CLAIM.
Questions do
not assert a CLAIM.
Breakdown:
1. argue a
point (THESIS/CLAIM)
2. prove
it to the audience (assert ideas through rhetorical strategies, reasoning,
and support)
3. leave
the audience with no other choice but to agree with your (THESIS/CLAIM)
Eliminate
questions: https://learnessaystrategies.blogspot.com/2019/10/eliminate-questions.html
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Focus on an Ethical Standard
Overview and
Description of ETHICS:
“Ethics is based on
well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to
do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness,
or specific virtues,” and these standards are founded-on and pre-set based on
outside influence from religion, society, or occupation.
Examples of Ethical
Standards:
RELIGION (Christianity), SOCIETY (American), OCCUPATION
(the Medical Field).
Therefore, when constructing the argument about how far
scientists should go in genetic modification, you must first choose the
ethical standard from where you will find the pre-set, well-founded beliefs
from which to argue the CLAIM.
Once you have chosen the ethical standard, you then identify
some of the pre-set guidelines that control beliefs, views, and actions
within that standard.
For Example, if you chose the Christian
standard of ethics to argue your views on genetic modification, you
could focus on the standards relating to murder, idolatry, and coveting.
Jul
24, 2018 - What is Christian ethics and what role should it
play in the life of a ... His moral standards for human beings flow
from his moral character, and ...
Christians,
on the other hand, believe that moral norms come from God's nature
or essence. Rather than believing in some passing fancy bound to
society's ...
If you chose the American standard of ethics
to argue your views on genetic modification, you could focus on the standards
relating to concepts in the Constitution, the Bill of Rights,
etc.
As Albert Borgmann states, in America, “it is the individual's right to decide how to conduct his or her life.
The only limit on that right is the next person's right,” and through this
American ethical standard, one can judge the advancement or limitations for genetic
modification (Source, 2007).
If you chose the Medical standard of ethics
to argue your views on genetic modification, you could focus on the standards
relating to the famously known Hippocratic Oath to ‘do no harm’.
The Hippocratic
Oath is an oath of ethics historically taken
by physicians. It is one of the most widely known of Greek medical texts. In
its original form, it requires a new physician to swear, by a number of
healing gods, to uphold specific ethical standards. (Hippocratic
Oath – Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Hippocratic_Oath)
Figure 1:
12th Century Greek Manuscript of the Hippocratic Oath
A 12th-century Greek manuscript
of the oath.
Manuscript:
Unknown scan
Used in book:
Foto de la Biblioteca Vaticana
Scan from book: page
27 of Surgery: An Illustrated History by Ira M. Rutkow, M.D.
published in 1993: ISBN 0801660785.
Quoted Image
Description: "Twelfth-century Byzantine manuscript the oath was written
out in the form of a cross, relating it visually to Christian ideas".
Some of the standards of ethics might not be clear at first,
but as you conduct more research on the topic to learn about the issue and
about various ethical standards, you will be able to find multiple sub-points
for arguing how far scientists should go in the genetic modification in humans.
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Remember the Difference
Between Ethics and Morals
In the online helper site, you will be able to find an
article posted about the difference between ethics and morals. However, for a condensed version, see the
block quote from Michael Payne in 2014 when he wrote:
Let’s clearly define the terms ethics and morals and the distinction
between them. Ethics and morals both relate to good versus bad or right
versus wrong. Ethics involve standards or codes of behavior that
have been established within a group of which a person is a member; typically
in the business world, the medical profession, [a religious denomination or
sect], or the justice system.
Morals, on the other hand, involve an individual’s personal conformance to a body of rules established within a society based on right versus wrong behavior. Said in a slightly different way, morals define personal character, while ethics stress a social system in which those morals are applied. (Source)
Therefore, ETHICS are codes of behavior decided on by
a group (Christians, Americans, Doctors), and one’s MORALS are personal use and integration of said ethical standards into one’s life.
For example, if I am part of a Christian group and belief system, I would
understand that adultery is not an approved code of conduct and that it goes
against Christian ethical standards. However, if I frequently
engage in adultery, I have created my own moral code of
conduct that is outside of my ethical standard of
Christianity. ETHICS are pre-set
standards from within a group. MORALS are how one
personally chooses to adhere to the standards.
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Consider Christian Worldview in Genetic
Modification
Be sure to consider researching academic journals or
databases through the library that deal with the Christian
worldview of genetic modification at various levels and various
intrusive qualities.
While you might only begin this class with your moral views
on genetic modification, hopefully, after researching the topic further and reviewing
current ethical concerns surrounding the advancement or halting of genetic
modification of humans, you will be able to determine how those with a
Christian worldview should be evaluating the issue.
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For
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