For the General Outline Handout, visit HERE.
(What do you want to prove?) THESIS: __________________________
INTRODUCTION
1. "HOOK" (1 sentence)
2. TRANSITIONAL CONTENT ABOUT TOPIC (1+ sentences)
3. THESIS: ASSERTION THAT A CAUSES B, C, AND D (1 sentence)
BODY PARAGRAPH
1. TOPIC SENTENCE asserting that A CAUSES B (1 sentence)
2. Introduce the content of A and B (1+ sentences)
· Take enough time to fully explain your argument in your own words, with conviction.
· Do not move on to scholarly sources until you have made your argument clear.
3. Paraphrase, summarize, or quote source material to defend your causal argument asserted in the topic sentence.
· 1+ sentence: limit outside source
· Choose the material carefully—the writing needs to be 80% (or more) in YOUR words with 20% (or less) from outside sources
· Paraphrase or summarize a scholarly source to defend your argument
ü Do NOT directly quote source content if you can paraphrase or summarize the meaning in your own words, in your own sentence
ü Provide proper in-text citations for source content whether it was in the form of a quote, paraphrase, or summary
· Do not use source content that 'makes' the argument for you
ü You should have already asserted (clearly) the argument prior to introducing supporting evidence from outside sources.
· Use a scholarly source to prove your argument is sound
4. Explain how the source defended your point.
· Analyze the source and its content.
ü If the author is well-known or renowned in his/her field, address that if possible
· Explain the surrounding meaning/ramifications to your argument
· Show how the source validated your argument
5. A closing sentence that ties the paragraph argument assertion and supporting proof together.
· This closing sentence should reflect the paragraph’s topic sentence.
· Create only 1 sentence to wrap-up the argument sub-point as it relates to the THESIS
BODY PARAGRAPH
1. TOPIC SENTENCE asserting that A CAUSES C (1 sentence)
2. Introduce the content of A and C (1+ sentences)
· Take enough time to fully explain your argument in your own words, with conviction.
· Do not move on to scholarly sources until you have made your argument clear.
3. Paraphrase, summarize, or quote source material to defend your causal argument asserted in the topic sentence.
· 1+ sentence: limit outside source
· Choose the material carefully—the writing needs to be 80% (or more) in YOUR words with 20% (or less) from outside sources
· Paraphrase or summarize a scholarly source to defend your argument
ü Do NOT directly quote source content if you can paraphrase or summarize the meaning in your own words, in your own sentence
ü Provide proper in-text citations for source content whether it was in the form of a quote, paraphrase, or summary
· Do not use source content that 'makes' the argument for you
ü You should have already asserted (clearly) the argument prior to introducing supporting evidence from outside sources.
ü Use a scholarly source to prove your argument is sound
4. Explain how the source defended your point.
· Analyze the source and its content.
ü If the author is well-known or renowned in his/her field, address that if possible
ü Explain the surrounding meaning/ramifications to your argument
ü Show how the source validated your argument
5. A closing sentence that ties the paragraph assertion and proof together.
· This closing sentence should reflect the paragraph’s topic sentence.
· Create only 1 sentence to wrap-up the argument sub-point as it relates to the THESIS
BODY PARAGRAPH
1. TOPIC SENTENCE asserting that A CAUSES D (1 sentence)
2. Introduce the content of A and D
· Take enough time to fully explain your argument in your own words, with conviction.
· Do not move on to scholarly sources until you have made your argument clear.
3. Paraphrase, summarize, or quote source material to defend your causal argument asserted in the topic sentence.
· 1+ sentence: limit outside source
· Choose the material carefully—the writing needs to be 80% (or more) in YOUR words with 20% (or less) from outside sources
· Paraphrase or summarize a scholarly source to defend your argument
ü Do NOT directly quote source content if you can paraphrase or summarize the meaning in your own words, in your own sentence
ü Provide proper in-text citations for source content whether it was in the form of a quote, paraphrase, or summary
· Do not use source content that 'makes' the argument for you
ü You should have already asserted (clearly) the argument prior to introducing supporting evidence from outside sources.
ü Use a scholarly source to prove your argument is sound
4. Explain how the source defended your point.
· Analyze the source and its content.
ü If the author is well-known or renowned in his/her field, address that if possible
ü Explain the surrounding meaning/ramifications to your argument
ü Show how the source validated your argument
5. A closing sentence that ties the paragraph assertion and proof together.
· This closing sentence should reflect the paragraph’s topic sentence.
· Create only 1 sentence to wrap-up the argument sub-point as it relates to the THESIS
BODY PARAGRAPH
1. TOPIC SENTENCE (1 sentence) asserting that not everyone agrees with your cause and effect argument
· That A causes B OR
· That A causes C OR
· That A causes D
2. Introduce the counter-arguments to your causal assertions
· The counter-arguments in the counter-argument body paragraph need to focus on only one of your previous body paragraph assertions: A, B, or C
ü Do not address all your arguments and their counter-arguments in one body paragraph.
ü Each counter-argument—to one of your arguments—will be a paragraph unto itself.
ü You can provide multiple sources on that counter-argument, but the whole paragraph will stay focused on that one counter-argument for A, B, or C.
3. Paraphrase, summarize or quote source material to refute the counter-arguments
4. Locate additional, different support to defend your causal argument asserted in the thesis statement
5. Explain how the source defended your point.
· Analyze the source and its content.
· If you have additional counter-argument sources that all relate to the same overall issue…
ü You may have to go through steps 2-5 a few times to cover the counter-arguments for that one point.
ü However, if each counter-argument is on completely different points, relating to your overall Thesis, you may have to end up with two or three counter-argument paragraphs.
6. The closing sentence ties the paragraph assertion and proof together.
· This (1 sentence) closing sentence should reflect the paragraph’s topic sentence.
CONCLUSION PARAGRAPH
1. Topic sentence asserting the thesis statement—but in a new way. (1 sentence)
2. Tie together all the main points from the essay…
· Consider your topic sentences from each body paragraph.
ü Your topic sentences should address the main points of the essay.
ü Do not simply re-post the topic sentences. Pull the main points together in a meaningful and assertive way to make sure that your readers are fully convinced of your overall thesis statement.
3. A closing sentence that leaves the reader with a feeling of closure and peace on the topic and possibly a ‘call-to-action’ if needed. (1 sentence)
1. After you finish your whole essay…
· Re-read your conclusion paragraph.
· Think of something catchy from the concluding paragraph that you could use as your title.
· Do not use the assignment name.
2. Your title needs to directly relate to the closing/conclusion paragraph.
· A title provides a circular feeling for the readers.
· The audience begins with your title, and after reading through all of your developmental paragraphs, they reach the conclusion that reminds them of what they started with—YOUR TITLE.
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